I don't know where modern iterations of VMS were developed. Considering what HP did with their calculator division, I was suspicious they'd "partnered" or "right sized" development to bombay. Anyone benchmarked versions of VMS? I thought that pre-64 bit might run better on an old VAX. Daniel. On 07/10/2013, at 7:56 AM, "Brian Schenkenberger, VAXman-" <system at TMESIS.COM> wrote: Had. :( At one ZKO meeting, he and another fellow (I know his name but will elide it from discussion here) had a battle of wits and I left, the room, as I remember, in tears from laughter. FWIW, the SECURITY_SERVER in VMS is mostly Larry's handiwork. Back to the theme of this thread: Don't confuse the volume of source with the efficiency of the code. -- VAXman- A Bored Certified VMS Kernel Mode Hacker VAXman(at)TMESIS(dot)ORG Well I speak to machines with the voice of humanity.